A long history of intense persecution by the Spanish, Anglo Texans and Mexicans forced many Karankawa people to go into hiding, assimilate with Mexican or American culture, or flee to survive.

The pups' arrival was welcomed by the Karankawa Tribe of Texas, descendants of the indigenous people who have called the Texas coast home for centuries and were, until the past decade or so ...

was fairly short-lived—established in 1754 and abandoned by 1804—and fairly unsuccessful in convincing members of the Karankawa to abandon their religion or way of life, according to the ...