Abstract This manuscript gives a big-picture, up-to-date overview of the field of (deep) reinforcement learning and sequential decision making, covering value-based RL, policy-gradient methods, ...

Problem definitions and evaluation criteria for the cec 2005 special session on real-parameter optimization ...

Background: Most Grade 3 teachers experience challenges when teaching addition and subtraction of word problems in a multilingual classroom that is being taught in the vernacular language. Objectives: ...

The paper illustrates Narrative Space in the context of our completed work in a former industrial site that has been converted into a brickworks museum. Located near Berlin it is the largest of its ...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a popular invention in the universe, even in the fifth industrial revolution focusing on harmonious human-machine collaboration. This collaboration aims to ...

Writing a scientifically sound manuscript in one’s mother tongue is difficult. This difficulty increases for authors writing in their second or third language. In English-language publishing, beyond ...

Abstract The concept of food and medicine homology (FMH) is deeply embedded in traditional Chinese medicine and carries historical importance. The recent rigorous definition of FMH pertains to ...

Abstract In the past 5 years, there has been a growing focus on infectious diseases, such as viral infections (coronavirus, Mpox, and influenza), sudden pandemics, and persistent bacterial infections ...

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are widely used in academic personnel decisions as a measure of teaching effectiveness. We show: SET are biased against female instructors by an amount that is ...

The prevalence of age-related diseases has been progressively increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of these disorders, including cancer, is closely associated with an age-dependent decline in ...

In the pursuit of creating an inclusive and equitable society, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has made significant headways to address the unique employment opportunities and challenges faced by ...

The global landscape has witnessed profound transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has concurrently catalysed notable advancements in scientific research while inflicting detrimental ...