Net present value (NPV) represents the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a set time period. Knowing how to calculate net present value can be useful when ...

The payback period is the amount of time needed to recover the initial outlay for an investment. Learn how to calculate it with Microsoft Excel.

The internal rate of return (IRR) is a metric used in capital budgeting to estimate the return of potential investments. Here is the formula for calculating it.