Open-loop systems lack support for more flexible fare structures unless layered with complex eligibility processes or closed-loop add-ons. Technology must be built with inclusivity in mind from ...

Unlike open-loop systems, which rely on bank-issued cards like Visa, Mastercard, Amex, etc., these systems are managed by your transit agency. With a closed-loop payment system, businesses like ...

Recent studies seem to question the idea that closed-loop systems should be reserved for adults with diabetes who are fully engaged with their treatment.

A closed-loop drug-delivery system could improve chemotherapy New CLAUDIA system could continuously monitor patients during an infusion and adjust dosage to maintain optimal drug levels.