This paper explains the 2 popular reference models: OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, by comparing the functionality of each layer in both models.

The TCP/IP suite is broken down into two different ways of transmitting data: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) a connection-oriented protocol that guarantees the stream of the data (packet 1 ...

5) Application Layer The application layer in the TCP/IP stack, and its equivalent layers in the OSI model, deals with session management and applications executed on the equipment.

A "protocol suite" comprises several layers, and learning each layer is essential to understanding this subject (see OSI model). TCP/IP ...

Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work ...