Energy flow diagrams often depict secondary production as the flow leaving one trophic level and entering (being ingested by) the next.

My marked-up version of the energy flow diagram (above) reveals a rough estimate — about 15.7 Quads are used by individuals for personal transportation.

The Australian government’s official energy flow diagram for 2022-23 is revealing. Out of the 11,201 petajoules (PJ) of coal produced or imported, Australia exports an astonishing 9,626 PJ.

An energy-flow diagram and analog simulation depict the major structural characteristics of the fishery and its potential response to perturbation. Extrapolation from good primary production data ...