Statistics: When Confounding Variables Are Out of Control Explore the intriguing link between ice cream and drownings. Does ice cream cause drownings or is it just a statistical correlation?

Matching: By matching pairs of subjects according to potential confounding variables, for example, sex and age, the impact of confounding is kept to a minimum (to be covered in more detail in ...

S. R. Wilson, I. Gordon, Calculating Sample Sizes in the Presence of Confounding Variables, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), Vol. 35, No. 2 (1986), pp. 207-213 ...

Nevertheless, it is of utmost importance to meticulously consider potential confounding variables that might exert influence on outcomes and potentially compromise the generalizability of findings.

Sander Greenland, Absence of Confounding Does Not Correspond to Collapsibility of the Rate Ratio or Rate Difference, Epidemiology, Vol. 7, No. 5 (Sep., 1996), pp. 498-501 ...