Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Optical communication systems have evolved significantly over recent years with the advent of advanced modulation techniques designed to enhance spectral efficiency and mitigate interference. Offset ...

Handset manufacturers play an equally important role in this consumer equation by providing reliable, cost-effective handsets that are usable across multiple operating standards and market spaces. In ...

NHK has been studying a multi-level coded modulation scheme for expanding satellite transmission capacity. It can bring out the transmission performance of multi ...