Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch ...

Lumbar disc herniation refers to the condition ... Common surgical procedures include: Discectomy: Removal of the herniated portion of the disc that is pressing on a nerve. Laminectomy: Removal ...